光粉作用下激光熔覆粉末射流行为研究

    Study on Behavior of Laser Cladding Powder Jet Flow Under Interaction of Laser and Powder

    • 摘要: 准确揭示激光熔覆中粉末射流行为可有效提升粉末利用率,对获取高质量熔覆层具有重要意义。三束同轴激光熔覆是常见的熔覆方式之一,在实际生产中发挥重要作用。激光熔覆过程粉末射流行为受多种参数影响,有效揭示各参数与粉末射流行为之间的定量关系十分必要。利用k-ε模型与离散相模型相结合,建立激光熔覆中载气与粉末耦合作用的气、固两相流模型,计算得出了粉末载气流场与粉末浓度的分布规律,揭示了粉末射流汇集特性及与基体间的撞击作用轨迹。在此基础上建立了粉末温升模型,计算了激光功率、激光束半径和粉末粒径对粉末温升的影响。结果表明:在两相流模型中,载气速度与粉末浓度均呈120°分布,粉末轨迹到达基体平面后反弹并发散,与实际生产中分布一致。粉末温升速度与激光功率呈正相关,与激光束半径、粉末粒径呈负相关,计算结果表明激光功率、激光束半径和粉末粒径对粉末温升速度具有显著影响。

       

      Abstract: The powder utilization rate can be improved effectively by accurately revealing the powder jet flow behavior in laser cladding, and is of great significance for obtaining high-quality cladding layers. Three-beam coaxial laser cladding is one of the standard cladding methods and plays a vital role in actual production. The powder jet flow behavior in the laser cladding process is affected by various parameters, and it is necessary to conclusively reveal the quantitative relationship between each parameter and the powder jet flow behavior. The gas-solid two-phase flow model of the carrier gas and powder in laser cladding was established by using the k-ε model combined with the discrete phase model, and the distribution law of carrier gas flow field and powder concentration were calculated. The convergence characteristics of the powder jet and the impact trajectory with the substrate were revealed. On this basis, a powder temperature rise model based on Stefan-Boltzmann law was established, and the effects of laser power, laser beam radius, and powder particle size on powder temperature rise were calculated. The results show that in the two-phase flow model, the carrier gas velocity and the powder concentration are distributed at 120° intervals, and the powder trajectory rebounds and diverges after reaching the substrate plane, which is consistent with the distribution in actual production. The powder temperature rise rate is positively correlated with the laser power, and negatively correlated with the laser beam radius and powder particle size. The calculation results show that the laser power, laser beam radius and powder particle size have a significant effect on the powder temperature rise rate.

       

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