Abstract: The evolution of microstructure, texture and mechanical properties of 5052 aluminum alloy under large rolling deformation were studied by means of metallographic microscope, X-ray diffractometer and tensile testing machine. The results show that the grain size and texture intensity in the core of 5052 aluminum alloy ingot are higher than that near the surface. With the increase of rolling deformation, the yield strength and hardness increase, and the hardness linearly increases with the yield strength. In the hot rolling process, the initial random texture is transformed into brass and the textures, and the elongation is high. With the increase of cold rolling deformation, L texture appears, which greatly reduces the ductility of the material. It is found that the texture exhibits obvious genetic characteristics, and the final texture of cold rolled sheet is mainly cube, Goss and P textures.