Abstract: In order to obtain the best shot peening process parameters of the lock ring groove of wheel rim, and to obtain the corresponding relationship between the surface residual stress and the shot peening process parameters,through Box-Behnken Design（BBD）, 17 groups of three-factor three-level shot peening experiments were designed. The shot peening simulation of a large number of projectiles was realized by using the DEM-FEM coupling model in the ABAQUS software,and the maximum residual stress on the surface was obtained according to the experimental plan. Through the numerical fitting of Design-Expert software, the function model between shot peening parameters and maximum residual stress was obtained. The response surface analysis method was used to study the influence of the interaction among the three factors of shot peening speed, shot size and total number of particles on the maximum residual stress on the surface of the lock ring groove of wheel rim. The established stress function model is verified, and the error between the target value and the experimental value is not more than 3.3%, which can verify the correctness of the function model. The established function model provides a variety of references for shot peening parameters of the lock ring groove of wheel rim.