Abstract: The finite element simulation of the temperature uniformity of 6061 aluminum alloy in vacuum brazing furnace was investigated based on the heat transfer theory. The results show that the heating curve consists of three stages during the heating process of samples. In the first stage, the temperature difference between samples is small and the heating rate is slow.In the second stage, the temperature difference between the samples gradually increases, and the heating rate reaches peak value. In the third stage, the temperature difference between samples gradually decreases, and the temperature of the samples finally reaches the set welding temperature, the heating rate significantly drops from the peak value to zero. During the heating process, the number of large sample significantly affects the uniformity of the temperature field and the heating rate of the sample. As the number of large sample increases, the heating lag becomes more obvious, and the heating rate decreases. The smaller the size difference of the sample, the better the uniformity of temperature. The heating rate also has a significant effect on the uniformity of the temperature field. The lower the heating rate, the smaller the temperature difference between samples and the more uniform the distribution of the temperature inside the samples.