316LN不锈钢/Inconel 718高温合金异种材料激光焊接工艺研究

    Research on Laser Welding Technology of 316LN Stainless Steel and Inconel 718 Superalloy Dissimilar Materials

    • 摘要: 对5 mm厚的316LN不锈钢和Inconel718高温合金异种材料板材进行正弦扫描路径和无扫描路径的激光焊接试验,研究了焊接工艺参数对焊缝质量的影响,并对激光焊接头的显微组织、显微硬度及拉伸性能进行了研究。结果表明,无扫描激光焊比正弦路径的扫描焊更易实现稳定焊接,获得成形质量良好的焊缝。正弦扫描激光焊接头的焊缝下部有大量气孔,无扫描激光焊接接头无气孔缺陷。随焊接速度的增大,无扫描激光焊接头的表面成形越来越好。焊接速度为1.8 m/min时,焊缝上下表面熔宽变窄,不存在咬边、飞溅等缺陷;焊缝区为垂直于熔合线并向焊缝中心生长的柱状树枝晶等组织且焊缝中有M23C6型碳化物析出,提高了焊缝强度。焊接接头的显微硬度由Inconel718母材到焊缝再到316LN母材呈现逐步降低趋势。焊接接头的断裂位置均位于远离焊缝的316LN母材,室温下抗拉强度可达到650 MPa且接头断裂方式为韧性断裂。

       

      Abstract: The laser welding tests of sinusoidal scanning path and non-scanning path were carried out for 5 mm thick plates of 316LN stainless steel and Inconel 718 superalloy dissimilar materials.The influence of welding process parameters on the weld quality was studied, and the microstructure, microhardness and tensile properties of laser welding joints were studied.The results show that the laser welding without scanning path is easier to achieve stable welding and get good weld forming than the scanning welding with sinusoidal path.The laser welded joint with sinusoidal path has a large number of pores in the lower part of the weld, and there are no pores in the laser welded joint without scanning path.With the increase of welding speed, the surface forming of the laser welding joint without scanning path becomes better.When the welding speed is 1.8 m/min, the widths of weld seam's upper and lower surface become narrow, and there is no undercut, splash defects.The weld zone presents columnar dendrite structures that are perpendicular to the fusion line and growing to the weld center, and M23C6 type carbide is precipitated in the weld seam, which improves the weld strength.The microhardness of the welded joint shows a gradually decreasing trend from Inconel718 base material to weld seam and then to 316LN base material.The fracture positions of welded joints are all located on 316LN base material far away from the welding seam.The tensile strength can reach 650 MPa at room temperature and the fracture mode of joints is ductile fracture.

       

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