Abstract: The microstructure difference of medium carbon and high manganese steel rolling under two rolling processes was studied contrastively.The results show that increasing the heating temperature and prolonging the heating time are beneficial to increase the uniformity of the composition and hardness of the rolling material.Increasing the final rolling temperature can increase the size of austenite, reduce the ferrite nucleation, and increasing the cooling rate after rolling inhibits the segregation and diffusion of alloying elements, and improve the band structure.