Abstract: Wear-resistant high manganese steel was treated by high pressure aging treatment at 550 ℃ for 15min at 1-5 GPa pressure, and the effects of high pressure aging treatment on the microstructure and mechanical properties of wear-resistant high manganese steel were investigated by means of OM, TEM, hardness test and compress test. The results show that the structure of high manganese steel after high pressure aging treatment is austenite, ε-martensite and linear carbides with uniform distribution in the width of 60-100 nm, avoid the formation of coarse and network carbides, and the mechanical properties of high manganese steel are effectively improved. After treatment with 3 GPa pressure and 550℃ for 15min, the hardness and compressive strength of the alloy are 51 HRC and 3137 MPa respectively, compared with the normal pressure aging treatment, which is increased by 27.5% and 31.48%, respectively.