Abstract: The quenching process of aluminum alloy cylinder head of a certain tank diesel engine was simulated using Abaqus software. The analysis of the residual stress of the cylinder head quenching process and the influence of the surface heat exchange coefficient on the residual stress were studied. the change of the residual stress in different parts of the cylinder head during the quenching process was mastered. The simulation results show that, by applying the heat exchange coefficient between coating and coatings, the local cooling rate of the cylinder head changes. Moreover, the simulation results know from the fact that the residual stress at the root of the cylinder head after the coating becomes pressure stress and meets the index greater than 50 MPa, so that the purpose of reducing the residual stress control crack can be realized.