Abstract: 6082-aluminum alloy was used as research object.The hot compression experiment of the alloy was carried out on Gleeble-3500 simulator.The deformation temperature and strain rate are in the range of 300-500 ℃and 0.1-10 s^-1, respectively.Based on the analysis of microscopic high-temperature deformation mechanism, the microstructure model of 6082-aluminum alloy was established by using the rate of dislocation density change as an internal variable.The genetic algorithm was used to determine the material parameters in the model, and the reliability of the model was tested.The results show that the prediction accuracy of the model reaches 5.43%, which can describe the microstructure evolution behavior of aluminum alloy during high-temperature deformation.