Abstract: Surface wear morphology and surface residual stress of polygonal worn ER8 wheel steel under dry rolling conditions were studied using optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy combined with EDS energy spectrum analysis and residual stress test. The results show that on the wheel samples with obvious polygonal wear, the main material damage forms at the wave peaks are fatigue wear accompanied with abrasive wear and adhesive wear, and the main damage forms at the wave troughs are fatigue wear and adhesive wear. The main components of the adhesive debris on the worn surface are oxides, indicating that oxidative wear occurs on the wheel surface. The degree of oxidization at the troughs is greater than that at the peaks.Surface residual stresses on both peaks and troughs are compressive, and the peaks have slightly larger stress than the troughs.