Abstract: Coarse-grained 316L stainless steel was rolled with different degrees of deformation by a two-roll mill, and the effect of different cold deformation degrees on the hardness-yield strength proportinal relationship of 316L stainless steel was studied. The results show that with the increase of the deformation degree of cold rolling, a large number of deformation defects such as dislocations and deformation twins appear in the material. At the same time, the content of martensite phase also increases with the increase of the deformation degree of cold rolling.With the increase of the degree of deformation, the ratio of hardness to yield strength gradually tends to be 3. The cold deformation greatly weakens the original processing hardening capacity of 316L stainless steel.