Abstract: Titanium and its alloy materials are widely used in aerospace and other fields with their excellent properties.Complex operating conditions have put forward higher requirements for the comprehensive performance of titanium alloy.Surface nanotechnology can significantly improve the material surface properties by preparing nanocrystalline structural layers on the surface.The research technology of titanium and titanium alloy surface were introduced.The processing methods and deformation mechanism of materials were expounded, and the process characteristics of various surface self- nanocrystallization technologies were analyzed.Finally, the future research work was discussed.