Abstract: High-parameter coal-fired power generation technology at 650℃ and above has become the main technological development direction of thermal power units, and the selection of new materials such as high-temperature alloys has also become an inevitable trend for the replacement of key component materials. Among them, the design, development and preparation of the rotor alloys have become one of the main difficulties in the research and development of materials for the key components of the hot channel of the unit. Due to the obvious differences in physical, the chemical and mechanical properties between the superalloy and the ferritic heat-resistant steel used for traditional high and medium pressure rotors, the challenges to the evaluation and analysis of new materials in the research and development were posed. By analyzing the service conditions of the high and medium pressure rotors of the previous supercritical and ultra-supercritical coal-fired units and combining with the evaluation schemes and performance indicators of traditional ferritic heat-resistant steels, the performance evaluation and optimization scheme of the superalloys for high and medium pressure rotors were explored, which can provide a reference for the design and evaluation of new materials.