基于小波包分解和支持向量机的激光熔覆裂纹声信号分析

    Acoustic Signal Analysis of Laser Cladding Crack Based on Wavelet Packet Decomposition and Support Vector Machine

    • 摘要: 激光熔覆技术因其卓越的性能而被广泛应用于材料表面改性与再制造领域。但是,激光熔覆的快速熔凝过程极易导致熔覆层的开裂,从而引起熔覆层失效。因此,针对熔覆过程中在线裂纹监测问题,选择非接触式小型麦克风采集了含开裂问题的激光熔覆过程声信号,通过小波包分解和支持向量机对熔覆声信号进行特征参数分析。结果表明:熔覆过程出现裂纹的声信号在时域上存在触发持续时间短,振幅高,上升较迅速,呈指数振荡衰减趋势下降的特性;在频域上为多峰值突发型信号。正常声信号和裂纹声信号的能量分布差异明显,其中裂纹声信号尤以(3,1)频段内为主。同时,支持向量机(SVM)分类器能够识别出正常信号与裂纹信号,识别准确率达到100%,实现了激光熔覆裂纹声信号的有效识别。

       

      Abstract: The laser cladding technology is widely used in the field of material surface modification and remanufacturing due to its excellent performance. However, the rapid solidification process of laser cladding can easily lead to cracking of the cladding coating, resulting in the failure of the cladding coating. Therefore, aiming at the problem of on-line crack monitoring in the cladding process, this paper selected a non-contact small microphone to collect the acoustic signal of the laser cladding process with a cracking problem and analyzed the characteristic parameters of the cladding acoustic signal by wavelet packet decomposition and support vector machine. The results show that from the time domain, the acoustic signal of cracks in the cladding process has the characteristics of short trigger duration, high amplitude, rising relatively rapidly and exponential oscillation attenuation trend decline. From the frequency domain, it is a multi-peak burst signal. Secondly, the energy distribution of normal acoustic signal and crack acoustic signals is obviously different, in which the energy of the crack acoustic signal is mainly distributed in the(3, 1) frequency band. Simultaneously, support vector machine(SVM) classifier can identify the normal signal and crack signal, and the recognition accuracy is 100%, which can realize the effective recognition of laser cladding crack acoustic signal.

       

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