光纤激光工艺参数对激光熔丝单道成形尺寸的影响

    Effects of Fiber Laser Process Parameters on Dimensions of Single-track Laser Wire Deposited Layer

    • 摘要: 为了研究光纤激光工艺参数对激光熔丝增材制造单道沉积层几何尺寸的影响,采用单因素试验方法,进行了不同激光功率、摆动幅度、扫描速度和送丝速度下的单道沉积试验,分析了沉积层表面形貌和成形尺寸的变化规律。结果表明,随着激光功率增大,沉积层熔宽增大,熔高减小,当激光功率超过临界值时,熔化的焊丝向熔池的过渡形式由液桥过渡转变为熔滴过渡,影响沉积质量。激光摆动幅度主要影响激光光斑形状与能量密度分布。随着摆动幅度增大,沉积层成形质量变差,熔宽呈现先增大后减小的趋势,熔高变化趋势与之相反。扫描速度增大使单位时间丝材的沉积量和基体热输入量降低,熔池冷却速度增大,沉积层熔宽与熔高减小。送丝速度的增大,使单位时间内丝材的沉积量增大,沉积层熔宽与熔高增大,且熔高变化相比熔宽更为明显。

       

      Abstract: In order to investigate the impact of fiber laser process parameters on the geometric dimensions of single-passdeposited layer in laser wire additive manufacturing, a single-factor experimental approach was employed and the single-track deposition experiments were conducted under different laser powers, oscillation amplitudes, scanning speeds and wire feeding speed. The variations in surface morphology and forming dimensions of the deposited layers were analyzed. The results show that as the laser power increases, the melt width of the deposited layer increases while the melt height decreases.Beyond a critical laser power threshold, the transition form from the molten wire to the melting pool changes from liquid bridge to molten drop, which affects the deposition quality. Laser oscillation amplitude predominantly influences the laser spot shape and energy density distribution. As the oscillation amplitude increases, the quality of the deposition layer formation deteriorates. The melt width exhibits a trend of initial enlargement followed by reduction, while the melt height demonstrates the opposite trend. An increase in scanning speed reduces the deposition rate of material per unit time and the thermal input to the substrate, leading to a faster cooling rate of the melt pool and a decrease in both melt width and melt height of the deposited layer. Elevating the wire feed rate enhances the deposition rate of material per unit time, resulting in an increase in both melt width and melt height of the deposition layer. Furthermore, the variation in melt height is more pronounced compared to that of melt width.

       

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