压缩机偏心轴局部锻造成形组织调控技术研究

    Research on Microstructure Control Technology of Local Forming of Compressor Eccentric Shaft

    • 摘要: 根据某压缩机偏心轴的形状特点,设计了其锻件图,并采用数值模拟与实验相结合的方法,验证了偏心轴局部挤镦成形工艺的可行性。在此基础上,通过实验研究了不同成形温度对偏心轴锻件显微组织的影响。结果表明:锻件心部组织为铁素体和珠光体,且随锻造温度升高而逐渐粗化;外层和过渡层为混合组织,该区域除铁素体、珠光体外,随温度降低还出现贝氏体以及由低温马氏体自回火形成的回火索氏体,且该混合组织层的厚度随锻造温度下降而增加。实验表明:950℃成形时,偏心轴锻件过渡层与外层的混合组织厚度为1.9 mm,位于机械加工余量范围内。经切削加工后,零件各部位组织均匀一致,可省略锻后热处理工序,从而进一步降低了生产成本。

       

      Abstract: According to the shape characteristics of a compressor eccentric shaft, the forging diagram was designed. The feasibility of local extrusion forming process for the eccentric shaft was verified by combining the numerical simulation and experiments. On the basis, the microstructure distribution of the eccentric forging formed at different temperatures was analyzed. It was found that the microstructure of the center of the forming zone is ferrite and pearlite, and the microstructure becomes coarse with the increase of forging temperature. The outer layer and the transition layer are mixed microstructure. In addition to ferrite and pearlite, bainite and tempered sorbite formed by self-tempering of low-temperature transformed martensite appear with the decrease of forming temperature. Moreover, the thickness of the mixed microstructure gradually increases with the decrease of forging temperature. The experiment shows that when the eccentric shaft forging is formed at 950 ℃, the thickness of the mixed microstructure of the transition layer and the outer layer is 1.9 mm, which is controlled within the range of mechanical turning. The microstructure of each part of the machined part is uniform, which can eliminate the heat treatment process after forging and does not affect the subsequent processing, reducing the processing costs.

       

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