Abstract: (ZrB₂+Al₂O₃)/7N01-Sc composites were fabricated by in-situ synthesis method. The effects of (ZrB₂+Al₂O₃) nanoparticles and rare earth Sc on the microstructure and mechanical properties of the composites were investigated. The results show that after the addition of 3vol%(ZrB₂+Al₂O₃) nanoparticles and 0.2wt%Sc, the average grain size of 7N01 aluminum alloy in cast state is refined from 104.2 μm to 18.2 μm, and the refinement effect is better than that with addition of single particle or rare earth Sc. The introduction of rare earth Sc significantly improves the coarse precipitates and particle clusters in the material. (ZrB₂+Al₂O₃) nanoparticles can promote the formation of recrystallization and inhibit the growth of recrystallization grains. The tensile strength and elongation of (ZrB₂+Al₂O₃)/7N01-Sc composite after hot extrusion and T6 treatment are 655.2 MPa and 21.1%, respectively, which are increased by 42.2% and 49.6% compared with those of 7N01 aluminum alloy. In addition, the main strengthening mechanism of (ZrB₂+Al₂O₃) nanoparticles and rare earth Sc on the mechanical properties of the composites is Orowan strengthening, fine grain strengthening and CTE strengthening.