Abstract: The microstructure and discharge performance of AZ61 alloy anode by application of the ultrasonic vibration treatment(UVT) were significantly improved. The results show that after applying UVT, the grains of AZ61 alloy exhibit significant refinement. Additionally, the β-Mg₁₇Al₁₂ phase transforms from a coarse network structure to fine islands and particles, with a more uniform distribution. Constant current discharge tests demonstrate that UVT enhances the discharge voltage and anode efficiency of the AZ61 anode. Specifically, at a current density of 10 mA/cm², the average discharge voltage increases from 1.2635 V to 1.3104 V. The improvement is primarily attributed to the enhanced electrochemical activity of the AZ61 anode after UVT, the uniform dissolution of the α-Mg matrix is facilitated, and a more porous discharge product layer is formed