Abstract: As the core part of coal mine machinery, the quality of hydraulic support column cylinder significantly affects the working efficiency of fully mechanized mining face. The upsetting process parameters of S890 steel used in cylinder of large hydraulic support column were optimized by DIL thermal simulation, microstructure characterization, mechanical property test and fatigue test. The results show that the microstructure of S890 steel after quenched-tempered heat treatment is tempered sorbite, and the original austenite grain decreases with the decrease of upsetting temperature and the increase of upsetting ratio. The optimal strengthening effect appear at an upsetting ratio of 1.656. Compared with the original upsetting process, upsetting at 1150 ℃ produces an obvious fine-grain strengthening effect. The yield strength increases by about 6% to 871 MPa, the tensile strength increases by about 4% to 965 MPa, and the impact energy at -20 ℃ increases by about 4% to 233 J, and the fatigue property is also significantly improved due to the effect of fine grain strengthening. Fatigue limit increases from 760 MPa to 780 MPa.