Abstract: In order to solve the the problems of sample pre-treatment, interference of the alloying elements and analysis conditions when detecting the chemical composition of high-chromium cast iron by ICP spectroscopy method, the samples were dissolved in dilute sulfuric acid at low temperature and treated with potassium permanganate oxidation. By taking appropriate treatment measures, the problems are effectively solved that the high-chromium cast iron sample is difficult to process completely and the silicon element is easy to coagulate, which results in low measurement results. The ICP spectroscopy can be used to achieve multi-element simultaneous analysis, and the chemical composition of high-chromium cast iron was accurately and efficiently analyzed. The results show that through the test of working conditions of the instrument, the sample pretreatment method, the method accuracy and precision, the method can well meet the actual needs of scientific research and production.