Abstract: Shape memory alloys were widely used in many fields because of their unique shape memory effect and excellent damping properties. However, their insufficient performance in high-end applications, internal structural defects after preparation and limited development of low-cost alloys have limited their further development. As an effective optimization method, heat treatment can significantly improve the functional and mechanical properties of shape memory alloy. The effect of heat treatment on the properties of Ni-Ti and Cu-based shape memory alloys was reviewed, and the mechanism of new heat treatment processes such as aging and solution was analyzed. The influence of heat treatment parameters(such as temperature and time) on the microstructure, homogeneity and phase transition temperature of the alloy were investigated, and the relationship between internal microstructure evolution and performance improvement during heat treatment was revealed. Finally, combined with the current research progress and future needs, the development trends of heat treatment technology in the optimization of shape memory alloys were prospected, which can provide theoretical basis and technical reference for the preparation and application of high-performance shape memory alloys.