Abstract: Advanced composite materials, due to their many advantages such as high specific strength, high specific modulus, good fatigue resistance and strong designability, were applied in modern aircraft with an increasingly higher proportion. During the production and manufacturing of aircraft composite components and the service period of aircraft,various defects and damages may occur in these components due to improper process control, the influence of the natural environment and impacts from foreign objects. With the substantial increase in the application of composite materials in modern aircraft, the research on the repair technology of aircraft composite structures help improve the maintenance of aircraft composite materials in the direction of high quality, high efficiency and low cost. The common damages of aircraft composite structures were analyzed. At the same time, the layup repair process of composite laminates was explored by experiment. The problems existing in the experiments were analyzed and summarized, which had practical significance for the damage repair of aircraft composite structural components.