Abstract: The cam-tappet is a crucial component of an engine. The working environment with high rotational speed and high load imposes stringent requirements on its friction and wear performance. Therefore, it is necessary to adopt more innovative methods to treat the cam-tappet friction pair. An overview of the selection of cam-tappet materials was provided, and three techniques for surface modification of cam-tappet materials including coating technology, heat treatment technology and surface texture technology were introduced to enhance the tribological performance, operational performance, and reliability of cam-tappet. Finally, suggestions were provided for the research on friction reduction and wear resistance of cam-tappet systems.