Abstract: Three-dimensional（3D） braided composites, characterized by their integral net-shaped structure formed through the spatial interlocking of fiber bundles, effectively enhance the interlaminar properties. This provides a novel approach to address the issue of low interfacial bonding strength in traditional laminated structures for damping composites. Three kinds of 3D braided structure damping composites（fiber volume content 50 vol% ±2 vol%） with different connection structures（gradient-interlocked with pre-set connection positions（A）, integral stitching（B） and interlaminar stitching（C）） were designed and fabricated. The reinforcement layer employed carbon fiber, the damping layer utilized glass fiber, and the matrix was epoxy resin, they were consolidated via resin transfer molding（RTM）. The influence of the interlocking architecture on the shear properties and damage evolution was systematically investigated using the ASTM D2344 short-beam shear（SBS） test.The results show that the gradient-interlocked architecture（A）, due to continuous fiber interlocking and a gradual mo dulu s transition（carbon fiber modulus: 230 GPa, glass fiber modulus: 75.5 GPa）, exhibits the high interlaminar shear strength（ILSS）（（83.40±2.1）MPa）. This represents a 17.7% and 38.6% improvement compared to the integral stitching structure（B:（70.83 ±3.5） MPa） and the interlaminar stitching structure（C:（60.19 ±4.20） MPa）, respectively. Analysis of the load-displacement curves reveals that the gradient-interlocked structure exhibits a significantly prolonged damage accumulation phase（with energy absorption increased by 52%-97% compared to groups B and C）, demonstrating progressive failure characteristics,which indicates superior damage tolerance and energy dissipation potential. This research provides a foundation for designing composite structures that simultaneously possess excellent interlaminar shear performance and significant energy absorption capability.