正火工艺对PCrNi3MoVA钢带状组织及拉伸性能的影响

    Influence of Normalizing Process on Banded Structure and Tensile Properties of PCrNi3MoVA Steel

    • 摘要: 以PCrNi3MoVA钢为研究对象,针对该钢材热加工后残留带状组织引发的性能各向异性缺陷,采用温度(910、945、980、1015℃)-时间(1、2、3 h)双梯度正火工艺,通过OM、SEM、维氏硬度测试及室温拉伸试验,探究正火工艺参数对其微观组织、硬度及调质(淬火+回火)后拉伸性能的影响规律。结果表明:试验钢正火态组织为板条马氏体,随着正火温度升高、保温时间延长,带状组织呈消除趋势,但1015℃时出现了魏氏组织,且硬度总体呈现降低趋势;钢材经调质后组织为回火索氏体,C、Cr、Mn合金元素经长程扩散有效消除了带状偏析,材料性能的各向异性逐渐消失。对比各组工艺参数,945℃×3 h正火工艺下综合性能最优:调质处理后组织为均匀回火索氏体,带状组织基本消除;垂直和平行于原带状组织方向的抗拉强度分别为1212 MPa和1208 MPa,试样断口由退火态的各向异性混合断裂模式转变为均质韧窝断裂,适配工程要求。

       

      Abstract: Taking PCrNi3MoVA steel as the research object, aiming at the performance defects of anisotropy caused by residual banded structure formed during hot working, a double-gradient normalizing process of temperatures(910, 945, 980, 1015 ℃)-time (1, 2, 3 h) was adopted. The optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Vickers hardness tests and room-temperature tensile tests were employed to explore the influence of normalizing parameters on the microstructure, hardness and tensile properties of the steel after quenching and tempering. The results show that the normalized microstructure is lath martensite. With the increase of normalizing temperature and the extension of holding time, the banded structure shows a elimination trend. At 1015 ℃, the Widmanstatten structure appears, and the hardness generally exhibits a decreasing trend. After quenching and tempering treatment, the microstructure is tempered sorbite. The banded segregation is eliminated due to the long-range diffusion of C, Cr and Mn elements, and the anisotropy of the performance gradually disappears. Comparison of various process parameters verifies that the comprehensive performance is best under the normalizing process at 945 ℃ for 3 h. After quenching and tempering, it becomes uniform tempered sorbite, with the banded structure basically eliminated. The tensile strengths in the direction perpendicular to and parallel to the original banded structure are 1212 MPa and 1208 MPa, respectively. The fracture surface transforms from the anisotropic mixed fracture of the annealed state into the homogeneous dimple fracture, which meets the engineering requirements

       

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