Abstract: Addressing the challenge of accurately predicting the temperature history of GH4738 high-temperature alloy during air cooling and transfer processes, a research methodology consisting of experimental temperature measurement, transient heat conduction finite element simulation, inversion of heat transfer coefficient in different temperature zones, and function fitting of heat transfer coefficient h_eq was established to invert the equivalent external heat transfer coefficient under air cooling conditions. Using a 50 mm×50 mm×50 mm cubic billet as the subject, thermocouples were arranged at point A in the core and point B near the surface to measure its temperature changes. The cooling process from 1120 ℃ to 520 ℃ was divided into 6 temperature intervals, with discrete h_eq values set in each interval. A total of 5 sets of candidate h_eq values were set, the inversion was conducted using the joint determination coefficient of the measured temperature and the calculated temperature at the two measurement points as the indicator. The results show that the optimal heat exchange coefficient h_eq smoothly decreases from 8.00 W/(m²·K) in the first interval of 1120 ℃→1020 ℃ to 7.62 W/(m²·K) in the last interval of 620 ℃→520 ℃, the calculated temperature curves for points A and B align best with the experimental temperature curves, the R² values for temperature zones of points A and B are 0.96223-0.99688 and 0.9732-0.9999, respectively. The fitted quadratic function of h_eq can be utilized for temperature simulation and process optimization of GH4738 superalloy under identical transfer conditions.